and trans. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. [20] Clausewitz provides a clear description of his mentors approach: Diffuseness was therefore never in evidence in his written work, for he kept correcting and revising his text until his exceptionally precise mind was entirely satisfied and not one word seemed out of place.[21] Neither did Scharnhorst make use of the vivid metaphors for which his student became famous. Once the ship was back under way, twelve Beauforts launched a 10-minute attack that was beaten off by anti-aircraft fire and the escorting Luftwaffe fighters. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. [21], At 17:45, the German battleships spotted the British aircraft carrier Glorious and two escorting destroyers, Ardent and Acasta, at a range of some 40,000m (44,000yd; 25mi). I hope that any of you who are ever called upon to lead a ship into action against an opponent many times superior, will command your ship as gallantly as the Scharnhorst was commanded today. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Family members linked to this person will appear here. By a streak of good luck, Carl von Clausewitz belonged to Scharnhorsts first class at the Kriegsakademie. [60] By December 1943, the German Army was forced into continuous retreat. His tenure as the ship's commander was brief; in September 1939, an illness forced him to go on sick leave, and he was replaced by KzS Kurt-Caesar Hoffmann. You can find a more recent study of Clausewitz and his relationship with Scharnhorst in Donald Stokers biography of Clausewitz too, Donald Stoker, Clausewitz: His Life and Work (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 28-32, 73-77 and 151-165. Scharnhorst, however, did not live to see the fruits of his efforts. After locating a large submerged object, the research team then used the Royal Norwegian Navy's underwater recovery vessel HNoMSTyr to examine the object visually. Scharnhorst, from a portrait by Friedrich Bury (Britannica). Failed to delete memorial. and trans. At 19:45, the ship went down by the bow, with her propellers still slowly turning. At 16:00 on 14 March, Scharnhorst dropped anchor in Bogen Bay outside Narvik. Der Frieden von Tilsit beendet den Vierten Koalitionskrieg . 2015-4 as an independent and autonomous entity within MDHHS. Scharnhorst believed that carefully selected and superbly prepared staff officers, especially when the Prussian Army lacked a leader to rival Napoleons operational genius and charisma, could provide invaluable advice to their commanders, keep them from committing grave mistakes, and enhance the conduct of armies on the battlefield. His humble origins, however, made this impossible in the Hanoverian Army. [7] Schoy, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst, 6. Geni requires JavaScript! A third shell hit the deck next to turret Caesar and caused some flooding; shell splinters caused significant casualties. The two ships encountered convoy SL 67,[33] escorted by the battleship Malaya, on 8 March. But without a good education in times of peace, an officer in the General Staff will never achieve anything significant in war. Preliminary repairs were completed by 20 June, which permitted the ship to return to Germany. He passed away on 29 APR 1889. [77], Coordinates: 7216N 2841E / 72.267N 28.683E / 72.267; 28.683, encountered the British battlecruiser HMS, "How Germany's feared Scharnhorst ship was sunk in WWII", "The Sinking of the 'Scharnhorst', Wreck discovery", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_battleship_Scharnhorst&oldid=1133412044, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 17:33. At 09:21, Belfast's lookouts spotted Scharnhorst at a range of 11,000m (12,000yd). [48][49], Scharnhorst did not make the voyage unscathed, however; at 15:31 she struck an air-dropped magnetic mine in the mouth of the Scheldt, abreast of the forward superfiring turret. Meanwhile, the five German destroyers continued searching for the convoy without success. She was the lead ship of her class, which included her sister ship Gneisenau. Six 53.3cm (21in) above-water torpedo tubes, taken from the light cruisers Nrnberg and Leipzig, were installed in 1942. He had at least 1 son with Anna. While serving as a squadron flagship, Scharnhorst carried an additional 10 officers and 61 enlisted men. Boiler and turbine troubles kept the ship in Germany for the remainder of 1942. Birth: 18 Nov 1880: Death: 7 Jul 1887 (aged 6) Warren County, Missouri, USA . The second torpedo hit the ship on the port side and caused some minor flooding, and the third struck toward the rear of the ship and damaged the port propeller shaft. [39] One of the 227kg bombs hit the deck just forward of the starboard 15cm twin turret next to the conning tower. Friedrich Scharnhorst 27 December 1902-7 April 1991 (Age 88) Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany The Life Summary of Friedrich Friedrich Scharnhorst was born on 27 December 1902. Father of Hinrich Scharnhorst; Jochen Scharnhorst; Becke Margarethe Gloistein and Engelbert Scharnhorst. And it might have been less innovative than previously assumed: Count William gave his cadets a great deal of practice in solving well-defined problems in a creative, systematic, and methodical way but few, if any, tasks that fostered their ability to act quickly and decisively in novel, ambiguous circumstances.[4] Beyond his ideas, Count Williams personality had, perhaps, the greatest influence over Scharnhorst. Please help spread the word to new readers by sharing it on social media. The Royal Navy joined in the attacks on the ship by sending the battleship Rodney and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau participated in Operation Weserbung (AprilJune 1940), the German invasion of Norway. [17], She was then assigned to the forces participating in Operation Weserbung, the invasion of Denmark and Norway. [67] By 12:00, Scharnhorst was to the northeast of the convoy, but Belfast had reestablished radar contact; it took the cruisers twenty minutes to close the range and begin firing. Friedrich calls Lansing, MILansing, MI [31], On 15 March, the two battleships, with the two tankers in company, encountered a dispersed convoy in the mid-Atlantic. The Reformer and His Circle The Germans intercepted British radio traffic that indicated the Royal Navy was at sea, which prompted Scharnhorst to make for Stavanger. Weve updated the security on the site. Scharnhorst was appointed to helm the Institute in the Military Science for Young Infantry and Cavalry Officers in Berlin, perhaps better known as the Kriegsakademie. Friedrich Scharnhorst (1809 - 1871) How do we create a person's profile? An RAF patrol aircraft spotted the three ships that day, which prompted an air attack. The explosive shock caused serious damage; turret Bruno was jammed, as were the twin and single 15cm mounts on the port side. Scharnhorst and several destroyers sortied from Norway to attack a convoy but British naval patrols intercepted the German force. Scharnhorst's commander, KzS Hoffmann, however, closed to 23,000m (25,000yd) in an attempt to lure Ramillies away from the convoy so that Gneisenau could attack the convoy. Becke Margarethe Gloistein (geb. After several more torpedo hits, Scharnhorst settled further into the water and began to list to starboard. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. At 17:30, shells struck the forward 15cm gun turrets and destroyed them both. [30] She reached port on the afternoon of 9 June, where the repair ship Huaskaran was waiting. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. [9] Anonymous (Marie von Clausewitz), Erinnerung an den General Clausewitz und sein Verhltnis zu Scharnhorst, Historisch-Politische Zeitschrift, Vol. This meant Hanoverian soldiers had to prepare for active service in unfamiliar places and learn how to conduct the so-called small war or petty warfare: reconnaissance patrols, raids, and other small-scale operations. Nothing in Scharnhorsts early life suggested that he would become a great military reformer and a Prussian war hero. [17] Friedrich Wilhelm agonized for weeks but decided to throw all the nations weight and energy behind the anti-Napoleonic coalition. In early 1942, after British bombing raids, the two ships made the Channel Dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany. Admiral Hipper and the destroyers were sent to destroy Orama, a 19,500 long tons (19,800t) passenger ship, while Atlantis, a hospital ship, was allowed to proceed unmolested. It either had to openly switch sides, fight France with everything it had and utterly defeat Napoleon, or face national disintegration. Vice-Admiral Friedrich Huffmeier , a former captain of the German battlecruiser 'Scharnhorst', presents a picture to Rear-Admiral Morgan. 8:00 am - 5:00 pm ET. When the king finally switched sides in the spring of 1813, Scharnhorst swiftly unfolded the plans for mass mobilization prepared by his circle. You cannot merge a memorial into itself. Only 36 men survived, out of a crew of 1,968. Five minutes after opening fire, one of Duke of York's 14in (35.6cm) shells struck Scharnhorst abreast of her forward gun turret. In the Seven Years War (1757-1763), Count Wilhelm commanded the allied artillery of Prussia, Hanover, England, and Schaumburg-Lippe, and also played a significant role in the French defeat in the Battle of Minden in 1759. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. Resend Activation Email. The shell hit jammed the turret's training gears, putting it out of action. Try again. Year should not be greater than current year. [9], Scharnhorst was ordered as Ersatz Elsass as a replacement for the old pre-dreadnought Elsass, under the contract name "D."[4] The Kriegsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven was awarded the contract, where the keel was laid on 16 July 1935. An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. The British failed to penetrate the Luftwaffe fighter shield, and all six Swordfish were destroyed. Also known as: Mr Friedrich G Sauer, Mr Friedrich Sauer. by Johannes Kunisch, Michael Sikora, etc., Vol. Have a response or an idea for your own article? Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. Please enter your email and password to sign in. As Gudmundsson writes: In dEstorffs view, the ability of a leader to succeed in the small war was dependent on their ability to make, in a very short period of time, an accurate estimate of the tactical possibilities of a particular piece of ground, a faculty that he, like so many of his contemporaries, called by the French coup doeil (or strike of the eye). He chose the Cape Town-Gibraltar convoy route, and positioned himself to the northwest of Cape Verde. Friedrich Scharnhorst (1900 - Unknown) How do we create a person's profile? Invalid memorial. Learn more about managing a memorial . Praise for Death in Focus [44], On 12 January 1942, the German Naval Command, in a conference with Hitler, made the decision to return Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen to Germany. Gneisenau was hit twice in the opening portion of the engagement, and one shell disabled her rear gun turret. Vanya Eftimova Bellinger is the author of Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of On War. [20] Original title Entwickelung der allgemeinen Ursachen des Glcks der Franzosen in dem Revolutionskriege, und insbesondere in den Feldzgen von 1794. You can find its modern German version for instance in Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Ausgewhlte Schriften, edited by Ursula von Gersdorff Osnabrck: Biblio Verlag, 1983), 47-110. [22] The Germans then launched their Arado 196 float planes to search for more Allied vessels. Try again later. [10] The ship was launched on 3 October 1936, witnessed by Adolf Hitler, Minister of War Generalfeldmarschall Werner von Blomberg, and the widow of Kapitn zur See Schultz, the commander of the armored cruiser Scharnhorst, which had been sunk at the Battle of the Falkland Islands during World War I. Fitting-out work followed her launch, and was completed by January 1939. Search above to list available cemeteries. In early April, Scharnhorst, Tirpitz, and nine destroyers conducted a training mission to Bear Island in the Arctic Ocean. Appointed as the head of the Military Reorganization Commission, Scharnhorst now rushed to capitalize on the momentum the political overhaul had created. 1 (2018): 38. With this series, The Strategy Bridge strives to fill this gap. Partial power was eventually restored to the starboard turbine, which allowed speed to be increased to 14 knots (26km/h; 16mph). 1 (1832): 214. The British carried out a series of attacks that were all unsuccessful; Scharnhorst's anti-aircraft guns were red-hot by the end of the action, and one 20mm gun had burst from the strain. The explosion caused splinter damage and disabled the ammunition hoists for the 37mm anti-aircraft guns. [54] During the operation, Scharnhorst destroyed a battery of two 76mm (3.0in) guns and shelled fuel tanks, coal mines, harbor facilities, and military installations. Forced to take refuge in the furthest corner of his state, the city of Kningberg in East Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm finally embraced a far-reaching reform agenda. In the classroom, Scharnhorst emphasized the need for young military professionals to develop their abilities, based on solid education and independent thinking, to face complex and unexpected problems. On 8 March, however, poor weather grounded the British bombers, and so Scharnhorst and four destroyers were able to make the journey to Norway. Races entered: 1: Wins: 0: Podiums: 0: Friedrich Buchardt - Member of the Einsatzgruppen death squads, who started off grading people on their Germanness and then progressed to outright genocide. On the 8th, a serious internal explosion occurred in the aft auxiliary machinery space above the armor deck. [40][41][42], Two of the 454kg bombs hit amidships between the 15cm and 10.5cm gun turrets; both failed to explode and instead penetrated the ship completely. [45] The torpedo boats were led by Kapitn Erich Bey, aboard the destroyer Z29. His hometown Bordenau is just fifteen miles outside of Hanover. [75] British ships began searching for survivors, but were soon ordered away after just a few were pulled out of the water even though voices could still be heard calling for help from the darkness. The fourth hit the ship in the bow. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35136105/friedrich-fritz-scharnhorst. Bruce Gudmundsson. They would, perhaps, never dare an audacious thought because no similar case from history, crowned with success, gives them the necessary confidence. All German capital ships deployed to the Atlantic were therefore out of action. In 1800, he accepted Friedrich Wilhelm III's offer of elevation to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and ennoblement. Scharnhorst displaced 32,100 long tons (32,600t) at standard displacement and 38,100 long tons (38,700t) at full load. These three hits caused significant flooding and an 8degree list to starboard. Scharnhorst ) ( ) . Friedrich Hugo Scharnhorst . cemeteries found in Concordia, Lafayette County, Missouri, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. The underwater survey vessel Sverdrup II, operated by the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, was used to scan the sea floor. Scharnhorst detected the cruisers with her aft radar and opened fire with her main battery guns before turning away to disengage a second time. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. [23][24] Six minutes after opening fire, Scharnhorst scored a hit at a range of 25,600m (28,000yd; 15.9mi). Admiral Burnett, commanding the three cruisers Norfolk, Belfast, and Sheffield escorting Convoy JW 55B, placed his ships between the convoy and Scharnhorst's expected direction of attack. The Hudsons dropped thirty-six 227lb (103kg) armor-piercing bombs, which all missed. Echoing his mentors approach to teaching in On War, Clausewitz wrote that theory is meant to educate the mind of the future commander, or, more accurately, to guide him in his self-education, not to accompany him to the battlefield; just as a wise teacher guides and stimulates a young mans intellectual development, but is careful not to lead him by the hand for the rest of his life.[10]. The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militarische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805. 0 cemeteries found in Concordia, Lafayette County, Missouri, USA. For the defense of his tiny country, Count Wilhelm relied mostly on his and his officers ability to resist foreign invasion and seizure of the states fortresses. Scharnhorst believed in military historys crucial role in the education of military professionals, for it could provide them with an opportunity to study wars complex conditions. Jrme Bonaparte wird Knig des neu gegrndeten Knigreichs Westphalen . Malaya turned on the two battleships and closed to 24,000m (26,000yd), well within the range of the Germans' guns, but Ltjens refused to be drawn into an engagement. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. [73] One torpedo exploded abreast of turret Bruno, which caused it to jam. Bey planned to attack the convoy at 10:00 on 26 December if the conditions were favorable for the attack. New York Times bestselling author Anne Perry merges family secrets with suspense on the world stage, as darkness bubbles under the surface of a Europe on the brink of change. Work was conducted in a floating dry dock and lasted until July 1942. In 1792, he published Militrisches Taschenbuch, zum Gebrauch im Felde, a tactical field guide that would influence several generations of German-speaking officers. [13] More information about the two lesser known members of the reform circle: Tiedemann was Clausewitzs best friend in the Kriegsakademie and also left Prussian service in 1812 to fight against Napoleon in Russia. The forward and rear gun turrets were temporarily disabled, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery. You can always change this later in your Account settings. At 18:32 Scharnhorst (as the closer ship) opened fire with her main armament on Glorious, at a range of 26,000m (28,000yd; 16mi). He was tragically killed by Prussian soldiers in battle. The intent of the operation was to draw out British units and ease the pressure on the heavy cruiser ("pocket battleship") Admiral Graf Spee, which was being pursued in the South Atlantic. The ship was now fighting with only two-thirds of her main battery. General der Jagdflieger (General of Fighter Force) Adolf Galland directed Luftwaffe fighter and bomber forces (Operation Donnerkeil) during Cerberus. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. [16] Between 18 February and 20 February, she participated in Operation Nordmark, a brief sortie into the North Sea as far as the Shetland Islands. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. Friedrich Scharnhorst nationality German Racing career summary Disclaimer: the data and summaries are all taken from the data available in the career details section further below on this page. While waiting outside the port, Admiral Ciliax returned to the ship. Half an hour later, Scharnhorst's loudspeakers called the crew to battle stations in preparation for the attack. These are necessary if we wish, in all cases that occur, thanks to resemblance in circumstances, to be able to judge to some degree the success of an enterprise and avoid the mistakes experience could discoverif we wish to consult all the special circumstances and among the numerous possibilities to choose the most beneficial ones. He is a male registered to vote in Ingham County, Michigan. Unlike his more famous student Clausewitz, he preferred composing short essays and often sought to publish them quickly as a way to engage in ongoing debates. A pair of U-boats sank a total of 28,488 tons of shipping on the night of 89 March. Hoffmann served as the ship's captain until 1942. [45] The British failed to detect their departure, as the submarine that had been tasked with observing the port had withdrawn to recharge its batteries. 1799/1800 (11./12. It too failed to detonate, and passed through the side of the hull, which was not protected by the main armor belt. [31] Severe storms caused damage to Gneisenau but Scharnhorst was undamaged. [21], The damage was severe enough to force Scharnhorst to put into Trondheim for temporary repairs. Michael Schoy. [1] Charles Edward White, The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militarische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805 (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1989). The power outage disabled the emergency shut-off switches to the boilers and turbines, which could not be turned off until power was restored. Later that day, reconnaissance aircraft located a convoy of some 20 transports escorted by cruisers and destroyers approximately 400 nautical miles (740 kilometres; 460 miles) west of Troms. Hon deltog i slaget vid Barents hav 1942 och i slaget vid Nordkap 1943. Many of these hits had badly damaged the ship's secondary armament, which left her open to destroyer attacks, which Fraser ordered. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. The convoy was spotted again two days later, and it was determined that the course was definitively toward the Soviet Union. Richard John Scharnhorst was born on month day 1895, at birth place, Illinois. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. In the first decade of Napoleons rise, the question about the origins of French lethality preoccupied military writers. Reports of heavy activity in British airfields near the coast prompted the force to return to port, however. [7] The hull lies upside down on the seabed, with debris, including the main mast and rangefinders, scattered around the wreck. Scharnhorst lacked pedigree, and with his massive head and sturdy body looked nothing like the dashing aristocratic officers who still dominated the Prussian Army. These rescue operations were interrupted by the appearance of the cruiser Newcastle. The two ships were forced to put into port during the storm: Scharnhorst went to Gotenhafen while Gneisenau went to Kiel for repairs. Burnett chose to keep his distance and shadow Scharnhorst with radar while Fraser made his way to the scene in Duke of York. As a result, she went back to the dockyard for extensive modification of the bow. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. In his first year, Lieutenant Clausewitz almost failed the course, for his formal education was rather spotty as he had left school before the age of twelve to participate as a boy-soldier in the First Revolutionary War. In early January 1943, the ship was back in service, and after trials, left Germany on 7 January in company with Prinz Eugen and five destroyers. In his biography of Clausewitz, Peter Paret offers a summary of Scharnhorsts life and ideas: Peter Paret, Clausewitz and the State:The Man, His Theories, and His Times (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985 ), 56-77. Several days later, the main body of the convoy was located, and Scharnhorst sank another seven ships totaling 27,277 tons. ] Severe storms caused damage to Gneisenau but Scharnhorst was undamaged therefore out of action included her sister Gneisenau! Killed by Prussian soldiers in battle were temporarily disabled, along with half of her class, which speed... 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