Possibly playing on Rigdon's July 4 sermon that talked of a "war of extermination," Boggs issued Missouri Executive Order 44, also known as the "Extermination Order," which stated that "the Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the State if necessary for the public peace"[71] The Extermination Order was finally rescinded on June 25, 1976 by Governor Christopher Samuel "Kit" Bond.[72][73]. [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter". John Corrill, one of the Mormon leaders, remembered: In 1837, problems at the church's headquarters in Kirtland, Ohio, centering around the Kirtland Safety Society bank, led to schism. The state militia broke ranks and fled across the river. This conflict is also sometimes referred to as the Missouri Mormon War to differentiate it from the Utah Mormon War (also known as the "Utah War") and the lesser known Illinois Mormon War. King, on charges of treason, murder, arson, burglary, robbery, larceny and perjury. "[86][88], Joseph Smith Jr. and the other arrested leaders were held overnight under guard in General Lucas' camp, where they were left exposed to the elements. "In the summer and fall of 1838, animosity between Mormons and their neighbors in western Missouri erupted into an armed conflict known as the Mormon War. Sheriff Morgan was ridden through town on an iron bar, and died shortly afterward from the injuries he suffered during the ride. The Missourians had the advantage of position and fired, but the Mormons continued to advance. Battle of Crooked River-es.png 564 452; 280 KB. One of the Mormons present, Samuel Brown, claimed that Peniston's statements were false and then declared his intention to vote. [48][49], General David R. Atchison wrote a letter to Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 16, 1838. Despite an attempt by the Mormons to parley, the mob attacked. [39], In the spring of 1838, Henry Root, a non-Mormon who was a major land-owner in Carroll County, visited Far West and sold his plots in the mostly vacant town of De Witt to church leaders. This is how it was explained in a letter to US Army Colonel R. B. Mason of Ft. Leavenworth: While the state militia gathered, Missourian vigilante parties continued to act on their own, driving Latter Day Saints inward to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman. Executive paralysis permitted terrorism, which forced Mormons to self-defense, which was immediately labeled as an "insurrection," and was put down by the activated militia of the county. [51][52] Although he was sympathetic to the Mormons' plight, Doniphan reminded the Latter-day Saints that the Caldwell County militia could not legally enter Daviess County, and he advised Mormons traveling there to go in small parties and unarmed. When Joseph Smith and volunteers rode to Adam-ondi-Ahman to assess the situation, they discovered there were no truths to the rumors. [105] One resolution passed by the Quincy town council read: Resolved: That the gov of Missouri, in refusing protection to this class of people when pressed upon by an heartless mob, and turning upon them a band of unprincipled Militia, with orders encouraging their extermination, has brought a lasting disgrace upon the state over which he presides.[106]. [17] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. Lyman Wight took his army and attacked Millport. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[94]. Most Mormon immigrants to Missouri came from areas which were sympathetic to abolitionism. [111] [63] (affidavit). [101], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. Durante el conflicto fueron asesinadas 22 personas (3 mormones y 1 no mormn en el ro Crooked y 18 mormones en Haun's Mill). Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. To do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty. According to Latter Day Saint witness Reed Peck, when Smith was told that the Mormons would be expected to leave the state, he replied that "he did not care" and that he would be glad to get out of the "damnable state" anyway. Mormon dissenters from Daviess County who had fled to Livingston County reportedly told Livingston County militia under Colonel Thomas Jennings that Mormons were gathering at Haun's Mill to mount a raid into Livingston County. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter Day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County. Also, the War Maniac investment under the Advanced Arms Category can increase your troop attack. Having taken control of the Missourian settlements, the Mormons plundered the property and burned the stores and houses. With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. Seymour Brunson attacked Grindstone Fork. Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. In 1838, however, the state of Missouri entered into a full-scale war against the Mormons. One woman died of exposure, the other (a woman named Jenson) died in childbirth. [24] Possession became unclear and the dissenters threatened the church with lawsuits. "Porter Rockwell". The church . Many of Boggs' constituents felt that he had mis-managed the situation, by failing to intervene earlier in the crisis, and then by overreacting on the basis of partial and incorrect information. John C. Bennett, a disaffected Mormon, reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. A number of Missourians left the scene to obtain guns and ammunition and swore that they would "kill all the Saints they could find, or drive them out of Daviess County, sparing neither men, women or children. Around 200 non-Mormons gathered in Gallatin on election day to prevent Mormons from voting. John Whitmer recounts that Smith bribed the guards. Sampson Avard (October 23, 1800 - April 15, 1869) was one of the founders and leaders of the Mormon vigilantes known as the Danites . [87][88][89], Lucas' terms were severe. "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. In October 1833, anti-Mormon mobs drove the Mormons from Jackson County, Missouri.[13]. On November 1, 1838, Smith surrendered at Far West, the church's headquarters, ending the war. This is how it was explained in a letter to US Army Colonel R. B. Mason of Ft. Leavenworth: The citizens of Daviess, Carroll, and some other counties have raised mob after mob for the last two months for the purpose of driving a group of mormons from those counties and from the State. The day has gone by when masses of men can be outlawed, and driven from society to the wilderness, unprotected. [106], General Clark viewed Executive Order 44 as having been fulfilled by the agreement of the Mormons to evacuate the state the following spring. On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. He surmised that the perpetrator had fired upon Boggs and lost his firearm in the night when the weapon recoiled due to its unusually large shot. McBrier's house was among those burned. Members of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded by Joseph Smith, had gradually migrated from New York to northwestern Missouri since 1831, mainly settling in Jackson County, where tensions with non-Mormon residents led to episodes of anti-Mormon violence. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. And Subsequent Expulsion. Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. [38], The Mormons also visited Sheriff William Morgan and several other leading Daviess County citizens, also forcing some of them to sign statements disavowing any ties to the vigilance committees. [68] Generals Atchison, Doniphon and Parks decided they needed to call out the militia to "prevent further violence." The Mormon-Missouri War (also called the Mormon War or the Missouri War) was an armed conflict between the Latter-day Saints and other citizens of northern Missouri in the fall of 1838. [26][28][29], On July 4, Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions". In addition, none of the participants in the raid cited the order as justification for their actions.[81]. Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri (1841). (jwha.info 2010) Boggs survived, but Mormons came under immediate suspicion. "[62] Some Latter-day Saints claimed that some of the Missourians burned their own homes in order to blame the Mormons. [103][104] Judge Austin A King, who had been assigned the cases of the Mormons charged with offenses during the conflict, warned "If you once think to plant crops or to occupy your lands any longer than the first of April, the citizens will be upon you: they will kill you every one, men, women and children."[1]. Format: Paperback. After the stress of being expelled from Millport into the snow, Milford Donaho's wife gave birth prematurely, and the child was severely injured during the birth. Their economic cohesion allowed the Mormons to dominate local economies. It did not matter whether or not the Mormons at [Haun's] mill had taken any part in the disturbance which had occurred [in Daviess County]; it was enough that they were Mormons. One of the Mormons present, Samuel Brown, claimed that Peniston's statements were false and then declared his intention to vote. Agnes Smith, a sister-in-law of Joseph, was chased from her home with two small children when her home was burned. [109][110] Judge Austin A King, who had been assigned the cases of the Mormons charged with offenses during the conflict, warned "If you once think to plant crops or to occupy your lands any longer than the first of April, the citizens will be upon you: they will kill you every one, men, women and children."[13]. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. [16] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. At the same time, a leadership struggle between the church presidency and Missouri leaders led to the excommunication of several high-placed Mormon leaders, including Oliver Cowdery (one of the Three Witnesses and the church's original "second elder"), David Whitmer (another of the Three Witnesses and Stake President of the Missouri Church), as well as John Whitmer, Hiram Page, William Wines Phelps and others.I[23] These "dissenters", as they came to be called, owned a significant amount of land in Caldwell County, much of which was purchased when they were acting as agents for the church. Later that day, the Carroll County forces sealed off the town. Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. [107] The militia was disbanded in late November.[13]. With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. Joseph Smith and the criminal justice system, Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri 1841, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1968, "LDS Church History: LDS History, October 14, 1838", "The Extermination Order and How it was Rescinded", Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 1920, http://ldsliving.com/story/77142-porter-rockwell-7-unbelievable-facts-and-stories-you-didnt-know, "Clarification of Boggs' 'Order' and Joseph Smith's Constitutionalism", "Mormonism. [37], Black and others filed complaints against Smith and the other identifiable Mormon participants. The presidency responded by urging the dissenters to leave the county, using strong words that the dissenters interpreted as threats. Even people who otherwise would have had no sympathy for the Mormons were appalled by Boggs' Executive Order and the treatment of the Mormons by the mobs. Mormon is a nickname used by non-members taken from the Book of Mormon, scriptures translated by Joseph Smith by the power of God from an ancient record. Much of the literature about the Danites is sensationalist fiction, such . There was scarcely a Missourian's home left standing in the county. [97] Brigham Young recounts that, once the militia was disarmed, Lucas's men were turned loose on the city: [T]hey commenced their ravages by plundering the citizens of their bedding, clothing, money, wearing apparel, and every thing of value they could lay their hands upon, and also attempting to violate the chastity of the women in sight of their husbands and friends, under the pretence of hunting for prisoners and arms. The Settlement of The Peculiar People in Jackson County. [35][36], When the Mormons heard a rumor that Judge Adam Black was gathering a mob near Millport, one hundred armed men, including Joseph Smith, surrounded Black's home. [104], It is also believed that Smith's imprisonment had become an embarrassment, and that an escape would be convenient for Boggs and the rest of the Missouri political establishment. The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn.[92][93]. [56] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons. [82] Other members of the mob opened fire, which sent the Latter-day Saints fleeing in all directions. Mike Vago. The willingness of both Missourians and . The group and their murder/revenge tactics are surrounded in some historical mystery. De Witt possessed a strategically important location near the intersection of the Grand River and the Missouri River. [53][55] Millport, Grindstone Fork and the smaller Missourian settlement of Splawn's Ridge were also plundered and had some houses burned. Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by elements of the Danite organization. It read: "Headquarters of the Militia," City of Jefferson, Oct. 27, 1838. Ebenezer Robinson described the scene at Far West, "General Clark made the following speech to the brethren on the public square:'The orders of the governor to me were, that you should be exterminated, and not allowed to remain in the state, and had your leaders not been given up, and the terms of the treaty complied with, before this, you and your families would have been destroyed and your houses in ashes.'"[90]. [86], Colonel Hinkle rode to the church leaders in Far West and informed them of the offered terms. This triggered a brawl between the bystanders. On Sunday, October 14, a small company of state militia under the command of Colonel William A. Dunn of Clay County arrived in Far West. 17 church members 15 men and two boys were killed by 240 militiamen/vigilantes at Haun's Mill in Caldwell County. Overwhelmingly, these claims are contradicted by the majority of both Missourian and Latter Day Saint testimony (which implicate the Mormons in the burnings) and also by the evidence of the looted property found in the possession of Latter Day Saints. They believed that the Native Americans were descendants of Israelites and proselytized among them extensively. Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. "[58], The Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the Mormon refugees had been. [113], Whatever the case, the following year Rockwell was arrested, tried, and acquitted of the attempted murder,[111] although most of Boggs' contemporaries remained convinced of his guilt. I will not obey your order. All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160 km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City . The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. After the inquiry, all but a few of the Mormon prisoners were released, but Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Lyman Wight, Caleb Baldwin, Hyrum Smith and Alexander McRae were held in the Liberty Jail in Liberty, Clay County on charges of treason against the state, murder, arson, burglary, robbery and larceny. News of the battle quickly spread and contributed to an all-out panic in northwestern Missouri. During the conflict 22 people were killed (3 Mormons and 1 non-Mormon at Crooked River, [2] one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody, [3] and 17 Mormons at Haun's Mill ). [67][68], Fearing attack, many citizens of Ray County moved their wives and children across the Missouri River for safety. [88] Smith and the other leaders rode with Hinkle back to the Missouri militia encampment. During a period of nearly four months, August through the end on November, 1838, seven major confrontations took place, and the Saints were required to defend themselves. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the fi. [57], Thomas B. Marsh, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the church, and fellow Apostle Orson Hyde were alarmed by the events of the Daviess County expedition. [61] None of these claims, however, purport to be eye-witness accounts. The Missouri Militia had the advantage of position and fired, but the Mormons continued to advance. Black refused, but after meeting with Smith, he wrote and signed a document stating that he "is not attached to any mob, nor will attach himself to any such people, and so long as they [the Mormons] will not molest me, I will not molest them. The conflict expanded to involve state officials, including the governor, and resulted in the incarceration of Joseph Smith and the forced expulsion of the . List Price: $35.00. [77] Other members of the mob opened fire, which sent the Latter Day Saints fleeing in all directions. [21] Mormons felt that the compromise only excluded major settlements in Clay County and Ray County, not Daviess County and Carroll County. Austin A. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. As a result of the war, nearly all Mormons in Missouri, estimated at more than ten thousand, were forced to leave the state. While Mormons were viewed as deluded or worse, many Missourians agreed with the sentiment expressed in the Southern Advocate: By what color of propriety a portion of the people of the State, can organize themselves into a body, independent of the civil power, and contravene the general laws of the land by preventing the free enjoyment of the right of citizenship to another portion of the people, we are at a loss to comprehend. [48] The exact circumstances that allowed for him to escape are not certain. In an effort to keep the peace, Alexander William Doniphan of Clay County pushed a law through the Missouri legislature that created Caldwell County, Missouri specifically for Mormon settlement in 1836. Sheriff J.H. [43] The citizens of De Witt sent non-Mormon Henry Root to appeal to Judge King and General Parks for assistance. [58], During the days that followed, Latter Day Saint vigilantes under the direction and encouragement of Lyman Wight drove Missourians who lived in outlying farms from their homes, which were similarly plundered and burned. [38], The Mormons also visited Sheriff William Morgan and several other leading Daviess County citizens, also forcing some of them to sign statements disavowing any ties to the vigilance committees. Sometimes, it's also called the Missouri Mormon War. Mormon settlement increased as hundreds of members from Kirtland and elsewhere poured into Missouri. [105], Smith and the other Mormons resettled in Nauvoo, Illinois, beginning in 1839. 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